- caused: menyebabkan

- started: memulai

- died: mati

- refused: menolak

- defended: bertahan

- betrayed: menghianati

- hampered: menghambat

- advanced: memajukan

Irregular Verb

- read: membaca

- won: menang

- made: membuat

- told: memberitahu

- began: memulai

- lost: kalah